DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS

JULY 9, 2026

Nation & State Developments

E-Learning July 9, 2026

Ministry of Tribal Affairs Launches 'TribeX' Digital Learning Platform

Union Minister for Tribal Affairs Jual Oram officially launched the "TribeX" digital learning platform in Bhubaneswar, Odisha.
Objective: Designed to digitize, preserve, and promote Indian tribal art, cultural heritage, languages, and traditional knowledge systems.
Collaborations & Accreditation:
- Signed an MoU with Sampurnanand Sanskrit University (SSU), Varanasi, to award UGC-recognized PG Diplomas in hybrid mode.
- Currently hosts 20 free certificate courses (expected to expand to over 100 courses) covering tribal crafts, painting, and instruments.
Digital Repository: Features a state-of-the-art archive with over 5,000 multimedia assets, providing researchers and students worldwide access to authentic tribal resources.

Static GK: Tribal Research Institutes (TRIs)

There are currently **28 Tribal Research Institutes (TRIs)** functioning in various States and UTs to carry out research, evaluation, and documentation of tribal cultures. The Ministry of Tribal Affairs provides 100% financial assistance to them.

Biodiversity July 9, 2026

Mizoram University's Natural History Museum Declared India's 21st 'Designated Repository'

The Union Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change notified the Natural History Museum (NHM) at Mizoram University, Aizawl, as India's **21st Designated Repository**.
Legal Status: Designated under Section 39 of the **Biological Diversity Act, 2002**, to officially hold and preserve specimens of biological materials discovered in the region.
Focus: Serves as an official deposit registry for voucher specimens of flora, fauna, and microorganisms from the ecologically rich Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot.

Static GK: Biological Diversity Act, 2002

Enacted to preserve biological diversity, ensure sustainable use of its components, and promote fair/equitable sharing of benefits. The National Biodiversity Authority (NBA) is headquartered in **Chennai, Tamil Nadu**.

Forestry & Climate July 9, 2026

Sikkim Launches 'Mission: Million Oak Trees by 2047' for Ecological Restoration

Sikkim Chief Minister Prem Singh Tamang launched **"Mission: Million Oak Trees by 2047"** at the Lagyap Reserve Forest as part of *Sikkim Paryavaran Parva 2026*.
Objectives: Aims to restore native Himalayan oak forests to strengthen water security, soil conservation, and carbon sequestration across mountain watersheds.
Helpline: The state introduced the **"Connect to Forest" Helpline (1926)**, a toll-free number for reporting grievances and human-wildlife conflicts.
Infrastructure: CM also inaugurated the Sikkim Forest Training Institute at Bulbuley (supported by JICA) to train forestry personnel.

Static GK: Himalayan Oaks

Oak trees (Quercus species) act as keystone species in the Himalayan ecological system. They hold substantial groundwater, protect spring systems (dharras), and support regional biodiversity.

Youth & Education July 9, 2026

National Student Day Celebrated Across India on July 9

**National Student Day** is observed annually on **July 9** to recognize the contributions of student communities in nation-building and educational reforms.
History: Marks the founding anniversary of the **Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad (ABVP)**, which was officially registered on **July 9, 1949**.
The day is marked by educational seminars, social service activities, and leadership workshops across schools and universities.

Static GK: ABVP Profile

Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad (ABVP) is India's largest student organisation. Affiliated with the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), its headquarters are in **New Delhi**.

Water Infrastructure July 9, 2026

India's First Air-Filled Rubber Dam Being Built in Gujarat with South Korean Technology

The Government of Gujarat is constructing India's first **air-filled rubber dam** on the Sabarmati River near Gyaspur, Ahmedabad, with technical assistance from **South Korea**.
Mechanism: High-strength rubberized fabric tubes inflated with air are anchored to a concrete foundation. Unlike traditional dams, they can be deflated during high floods to prevent waterlogging.
Benefits: Designed to maintain upstream river levels, recharge municipal water tables, and prevent sewage backflows into the Sabarmati Riverfront development.

Static GK: South Korea Capital & Currency

South Korea (Republic of Korea) is a East Asian nation. Its capital is **Seoul**, and its official currency is the **South Korean Won (KRW)**.

Defence Indigenisation July 9, 2026

Adani Defence Breaks Ground on South Asia's Largest Private Missile Facility in Shivpuri, MP

Adani Defence & Aerospace commenced the construction of a ₹2,500-crore integrated missile manufacturing facility in **Shivpuri, Madhya Pradesh**.
Ecosystem: It will serve as South Asia's largest private-sector missile manufacturing ecosystem, integrating composite propellant, TNT chemistry, and full assembly lines under one roof.
DRDO Indigenisation: Designed to mass-produce DRDO-developed systems such as **RUDRAM-II** (anti-radiation missile), **NGARM**, **NASM-SR**, and the **Gaurav** long-range glide bomb.

Static GK: RUDRAM-II Missile

RUDRAM-II is an indigenous air-to-surface anti-radiation missile designed by DRDO to destroy enemy radar, tracking, and communication stations. It is launched from Sukhoi Su-30MKI fighter jets.

Welfare Schemes July 9, 2026

West Bengal Cabinet Approves Pradhan Mantri Cha Shramik Protsahan Yojana (PMCSPY)

The West Bengal government formally approved the implementation of the **Pradhan Mantri Cha Shramik Protsahan Yojana (PMCSPY)** with an allocation of **₹313.30 crore**.
Target Welfare: Geared toward socio-economic upliftment for over **3 lakh tea garden workers** and their families in North Bengal.
Infrastructure & Allocations:
- CSSY (Education): ₹177 crore for upgrading schools and education systems.
- CSSSY (Health): ₹72 crore for health facilities in tea garden zones.
- CSAY (Housing & Shelter): ₹63 crore for constructing 321 modern resting sheds with solar power, water, and sanitation.

Static GK: Tea Production in India

India is one of the world's largest tea producers. The major tea-producing states are **Assam**, **West Bengal (Darjeeling & Dooars)**, and Tamil Nadu/Kerala in the Nilgiri hills.

Women Empowerment July 9, 2026

Kerala Government Launches 'Dakshayani Yojana' for SC & ST Women

The Government of Kerala launched the **"Dakshayani Yojana"**, a flagship welfare scheme focusing on the empowerment of scheduled caste (SC) and scheduled tribe (ST) women.
Implementation: Offers low-interest micro-credit, business subsidies, digital literacy training, and direct financial help to set up self-employment projects.
Objective: Designed to provide financial independence and local community leadership roles to women belonging to marginalized sections.

Static GK: Demographics of Kerala

Kerala has the highest female-to-male sex ratio (1,084 females per 1,000 males in Census 2011) and the highest overall literacy rate (94.0%) in India.

Urban Development July 9, 2026

Jaipur Ranked 6th Globally in Time Out's 'World's 10 Happiest Cities for 2026'

The 'Pink City' of **Jaipur** secured the **6th position globally** (and 1st in India) in *Time Out's* prestigious World's Happiest Cities list for 2026.
Survey Basis: Evaluated the social community bond, everyday joy, safety parameters, affordability, and general livability index of over 24,000 urbanites across global metropolises.
Additional Recognition: Jaipur was also ranked 18th in *Time Out's* 'World's Best Cities for Art and Culture' in 2026, underlining its cultural significance.

Static GK: History of Jaipur

Jaipur was founded in **1727** by Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II, the ruler of Amer. The historic city center was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in **2019** for its grid-plan architecture and pink facades.

Sustainability July 9, 2026

3rd Global Conclave on Plastics Recycling and Sustainability (GCPRS 2026) Held in New Delhi

The **3rd Global Conclave on Plastics Recycling and Sustainability (GCPRS 2026)** was hosted from July 2–5, 2026, at **Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi**.
Organizers: Jointly organized by the **All India Plastics Manufacturers' Association (AIPMA)** and the **Chemicals and Petrochemicals Manufacturers' Association (CPMA)**.
Goal: Formulated policies to enforce Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) mandates, automated sorting systems, chemical recycling machinery, and feedstock sustainability in the domestic value chain.

Static GK: EPR and Plastic Waste Management Rules

Under India's Plastic Waste Management Rules (first notified in **2016**), Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) mandates that producers, importers, and brand owners carry the financial and physical responsibility of processing post-consumer plastic waste.

International Relations & Diplomacy

Diplomatic Visit July 9, 2026

Narendra Modi Becomes First Indian PM to Address the Indonesian Parliament

On July 7, 2026, Prime Minister Narendra Modi addressed the **Parliament of Indonesia** in Jakarta, becoming the first Indian PM to receive this honor.
Key Announcements:
- Proposed the **"Ganga-Mahakam Vision"** based on five key pillars: civilizational links, shared development, strategic trust, maritime prosperity, and collective advocacy for the Global South.
- Highlighted alignment between India's *Viksit Bharat 2047* and Indonesia's *Golden Indonesia 2045* (Indonesia Emas 2045) roadmaps.
Historical Tribute: Recalled the heroism of Odisha's former CM **Biju Patnaik** in flying out Indonesian leaders Sutan Sjahrir and Mohammad Hatta during their independence struggle in 1947.
Accolade: PM Modi was conferred with the *Bintang Adipurna* (Grand Star), Indonesia’s highest civilian award for foreign leaders, by President Prabowo Subianto.

Static GK: Parliament of Indonesia

The legislative body of Indonesia is the **People's Consultative Assembly** (Indonesian: *Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat - MPR*), consisting of two chambers: the People's Representative Council (DPR) and the Regional Representative Council (DPD). It is located in Jakarta.

PM Modi addressing Indonesian Parliament

Cultural Heritage July 9, 2026

Nepal's Jestha Varna Mahavihar Monastery Formally Receives 2025 UNESCO Heritage Award

The 17th-century historic Newar Buddhist monastery Jestha Varna Mahavihar in Lalitpur, Nepal, was formally presented the **2025 UNESCO Asia-Pacific Award of Merit** for Cultural Heritage Conservation.
Indian Contribution: The post-earthquake restoration of this heritage site was executed using a grant of NPR 13.78 crore from the Government of India.
Jury Recommendation: Praised for balancing modern seismic retrofitting safety standards with traditional timber architecture and woodcarvings, all while keeping the monastery active for daily community worship.
Consultancy: The **Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage (INTACH)** serve as the design and conservation consultant.

Static GK: Lalitpur (Patan) Heritage

Lalitpur (historically known as Patan) is located in the Kathmandu Valley of Nepal. The Kathmandu Valley was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in **1979**, hosting several ancient durbar squares and stupas.

Bilateral Education July 9, 2026

IIM Bangalore to Establish First Overseas Campus in Malang, Indonesia

The Indian Institute of Management (IIM) Bangalore announced the establishment of its **first international campus** in the **Singhasari Special Economic Zone (SEZ)** in Malang, East Java, Indonesia.
Declaration: The announcement was made during Prime Minister Narendra Modi's official visit to Indonesia.
Implementation Plan:
- Phase 1: Focus on launching specialized executive education and management development programs.
- Phase 2: Expand to full-fledged postgraduate degree programs (MBA/PGP).
Academic Focus: Will offer cutting-edge specializations in digital transformation, artificial intelligence, supply chain management, healthcare, and sustainable green energy.

Static GK: National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 Goals

NEP 2020 encourages the internationalization of higher education, supporting top Indian institutions to establish campuses abroad and inviting top global universities to operate in India. IIT Delhi (Abu Dhabi) and IIT Madras (Zanzibar) were the early pioneers under this policy.

Appointments & Governance

National Security July 9, 2026

Amit Garg Appointed as Director of National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB)

The Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC) appointed senior IPS officer **Amit Garg** (1993 batch, Andhra Pradesh cadre) as the Director of the **National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB)**.
Upgraded Rank: Succeeded Alok Ranjan (retired June 30, 2026). The post of Director, NCRB, has been temporarily upgraded to the level of **Director General (DG)** on a personal basis for his tenure.
Previous Position: Prior to his new role, Amit Garg served as the Director of the **Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Police Academy (SVPNPA)** in Hyderabad.
Tenure: He will lead the NCRB until his superannuation on October 31, 2027.

Static GK: National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB)

Established in **1986**, NCRB collects and analyzes crime data as defined by the Indian Penal Code (IPC) and Special and Local Laws (SLL). Headquartered in New Delhi, it functions under the **Ministry of Home Affairs**.

Police Reforms July 9, 2026

Alok Kumar Mittal Appointed Director General of BPR&D

Senior IPS officer **Alok Kumar Mittal** (1993 batch, Haryana cadre) has been appointed as the **Director General (DG)** of the **Bureau of Police Research and Development (BPR&D)**.
Background: Prior to this central deputation, he served as the Director General of Prisons in Haryana. He will head the BPR&D until his retirement on June 30, 2029.
Significance: Fills the permanent post vacated by previous regular incumbents, steering India's nodal agency for police training, modernization, and prison reforms.

Static GK: Bureau of Police Research & Development (BPR&D)

Formed in **1970**, BPR&D is headquartered in New Delhi under the Ministry of Home Affairs. It consists of four divisions: Research, Development, Training, and Correctional Administration.

Digital Governance July 9, 2026

Uttar Pradesh Cabinet Approves 'Uttar Pradesh Data Centre Policy 2026'

The UP cabinet, chaired by CM Yogi Adityanath, approved the **Uttar Pradesh Data Centre Policy 2026** to make the state a green, AI-ready data storage hub.
Key Focus Areas:
- Targets **₹2 lakh crore** in fresh private sector investments and adding **2 GW** of server capacity.
- Provides special booster incentives for **AI-Ready infrastructure** (GPU-based servers) and **Green operations** utilizing solar and renewable grid lines.
Incentives: Offers subsidies on capital, land stamp duty, electricity exemptions, and extra benefits for setting up facilities in PURVANCHAL and BUNDELKHAND regions.

Static GK: Green Data Centers

A green data center utilizes highly energy-efficient server technologies, natural cooling systems, and green power grids to minimize power usage effectiveness (PUE) ratios and carbon footprint.

Economy, Finance & Corporate

Green Finance July 9, 2026

POWERGRID Secures JPY 80 Billion Green Loan from JBIC for Transmission Projects

Power Grid Corporation of India Limited (POWERGRID) successfully secured a green loan worth **JPY 80 billion** (approx. ₹4,400 crore) from the **Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC)**.
Utility: The credit facility is dedicated to funding the development of the high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission corridor connecting the **Khavda Renewable Energy Park** in Gujarat to Nagpur, Maharashtra.
Significance: Represents a major boost for India's clean energy transition, facilitating the evacuation of over 30 GW of wind and solar power from the Khavda region to national grid networks.

Static GK: POWERGRID Profile

Power Grid Corporation of India Limited is a Maharatna Public Sector Enterprise under the Ministry of Power, established in **1989**. It is India's largest electric power transmission utility.

Science, Technology & Environment

Botanical Discovery July 9, 2026

New Dwarf Herb Species 'Canscora agni' Discovered in Pune, Maharashtra

Researchers from the **Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune** and the Savanna Science Foundation discovered a new plant species, **Canscora agni**, in the Sus Hill area of Pune, Maharashtra.
Features: A tiny annual herb reaching a maximum height of 10 cm, possessing white flowers, winged stems, and minute glandular hairs on its leaves.
Ecological Adaptive Meaning: Named *agni* (meaning fire in Sanskrit/Marathi) to highlight its fire-tolerant attributes in native open grassy savanna ecosystems.
Conservation Call: Recommended for the *Critically Endangered* list due to urban tree planting and fire suppression policies encroaching on native grasslands.

Static GK: IISER Pune

The Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, is an autonomous public research university established in **2006** by the Ministry of Education to integrate high-level science studies and research.

Space Exploration July 9, 2026

ISRO Conducts First Gaganyaan 'SOLVE' Ground Test at SDSC Sriharikota

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) successfully completed the first ground test of the **Sub-Orbital Launch Vehicle for Experiments (SOLVE)** at Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC), Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh.
Role: Designed to validate crew abort systems, solid propulsion motors, and structural acoustics under sub-orbital launch forces.
Milestone: A major safety milestone prior to launching crewed orbital missions.

Static GK: Gaganyaan Mission

Gaganyaan is India's flagship crewed space program, aiming to carry a three-member crew to a **400 km low Earth orbit (LEO)** for a 3-day mission before returning them safely to Indian waters.

Naval Armaments July 9, 2026

China Tests Flight of Advanced JL-3 Submarine-Launched Ballistic Missile

China successfully carried out a flight test of its new-generation **JL-3 (Ju Lang-3)** submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM).
Range & Impact: Features an intercontinental operational range exceeding **10,000 km**, enabling China's Type 094 and Type 096 nuclear submarines to deploy survivable, long-range retaliatory capabilities.

Static GK: India's SLBMs

India's sea-based nuclear deterrent relies on submarine-launched ballistic missiles such as the **K-15 Sagarika** (750 km range) and **K-4** (3,500 km range) deployed on INS Arihant class submarines.

Space Technology July 9, 2026

China Successfully Launches 'HY-2E' Marine Satellite for Ocean Surveillance

China successfully launched the **HY-2E (Haiyang-2E)** marine satellite using a **Long March-4B** rocket from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in northwest China.
Mission Goals: Developed by the China Academy of Space Technology (CAST) to monitor sea surface wind fields, wave heights, and sea temperatures to support maritime safety and disaster warning.
Surveillance Tech: Features four advanced microwave remote sensing payloads and an **Automatic Identification System (AIS)** for tracking merchant vessel positions globally.
Replacement: The HY-2E replaces the aging HY-2B (launched in 2018) and forms an active orbital constellation with the HY-2C and HY-2D satellites.

Static GK: Jiuquan Spaceport

The Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center (established in **1958**) is China's oldest spaceport, located in the Gobi Desert. It is the exclusive site for launching Chinese crewed Shenzhou spacecraft.

AI Governance July 9, 2026

Inaugural UN Global Dialogue on AI Governance Convened in Geneva

The first-ever **UN Global Dialogue on AI Governance** was held in Geneva, Switzerland, on July 6–7, 2026. This marked the first dedicated dialogue bringing all UN member states together for digital policy alignment.
Mandate: Formed under the **Global Digital Compact** (part of the Pact for the Future) adopted by the UN General Assembly in 2025.
Work Focus: Discussed the findings of the Independent International Scientific Panel on AI (IISPA), focusing on capacity building, digital divide mitigation, safe AI parameters, and human rights.

Static GK: Global Digital Compact (GDC)

The Global Digital Compact (GDC) outlines shared principles for an open, free, and secure digital future. The second session of the Global Dialogue on AI Governance is scheduled to be held in New York in May **2027**.

Bio-Medicine July 9, 2026

U.S. FDA Approves Vepdegestrant, World's First PROTAC-Based Drug, for Breast Cancer

The U.S. Food and Administration (FDA) approved **vepdegestrant** (brand name **Veppanu**), developed by Arvinas and Pfizer, for adult patients with advanced ER-positive, HER2-negative, ESR1-mutated breast cancer.
Pioneering Tech: Vepdegestrant is the **first-ever FDA-approved PROTAC** (PROteolysis TArgeting Chimera) therapy. Instead of blocking receptors, the drug redirects E3 ubiquitin ligase to mark estrogen receptors for cellular destruction.
Companion Diagnostic: FDA also approved **Guardant360 CDx** as a companion diagnostic blood test to detect ESR1 mutations.

Static GK: PROTAC Mechanism

PROTACs represent a breakthrough in pharmacology. By harnessing the cellular garbage disposal system (the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway), they can degrade target proteins that were previously considered "undruggable" by conventional blockaders.

Sports, Art & Culture

Archaeology July 9, 2026

2,000-Year-Old Gold Rings with Ancient Indian Brahmi Script Discovered in Thailand

Archaeologists unearthed a pair of **2,000-year-old gold rings** at the Don Yai Thong archaeological site in Phetchaburi province, Thailand.
Brahmi Inscription: One of the rings is engraved with the Brahmi character sequence **"pusarakhitasa"**, which translates to **"the one protected by Pushya"** (Pushya is a lunar mansion/Nakshatra in Indian astronomy).
Bilateral Link: Represents solid proof of ancient trade networks connecting Indian merchant classes (Vaishyas) with local Southeast Asian elites during the Iron Age.

Static GK: Brahmi Script

Brahmi is one of the oldest writing systems used in Ancient India, originating around the 3rd century BCE or earlier. It serves as the direct ancestor to almost all modern writing systems of South and Southeast Asia.

Linguistics July 9, 2026

Oxford English Dictionary Adds South Asian Words 'Alpana', 'Nihari', and 'Nazim'

The *Oxford English Dictionary* (OED) officially incorporated three widely used South Asian words in its latest quarterly 2026 vocabulary update.
Words Added:
- Alpana (n.): Decorative floor patterns/designs painted during festivals, originating from the Bengali language.
- Nihari (n.): A slow-cooked, rich meat stew, etymologically linked to the Arabic word for "morning" (*nahar*).
- Nazim (n.): Historically a provincial governor/administrator in the Mughal era, and modernly the head of a local village or union council in Pakistan.

Static GK: Oxford University Press

The Oxford English Dictionary is published by the **Oxford University Press**, the largest university press in the world, founded in **1586**.

Wrestling July 9, 2026

India Wins 41 Medals at U15 & U20 Asian Wrestling Championships 2026

The Indian wrestling contingent won a total of **41 medals** (including Freestyle, Greco-Roman, and Women's categories) at the U15 & U20 Asian Wrestling Championships 2026 held in **Pattaya, Thailand**.
Team Achievements: Led India to stand as one of the top three national teams in junior wrestling in Asia, demonstrating exceptional technical competence in all weight categories.

Static GK: United World Wrestling (UWW)

The United World Wrestling (UWW) is the international governing body for the sport of amateur wrestling, based in **Corsier-sur-Vevey, Switzerland**, established in **1912**.

Obituaries & Tributes

Obituary July 9, 2026

Padma Shri Awardee & 'Bridge Man of India' Girish Bhardwaj Passes Away

Dr. Girish Bhardwaj, popularly known as the **"Bridge Man of India"**, passed away, leaving a rich legacy of grassroots engineering.
Achievements: Constructed more than **150 low-cost suspension footbridges** connecting isolated, remote forest villages across Karnataka, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, and Odisha.
Award: Conferred with the **Padma Shri** (India's fourth-highest civilian honor) in **2017** in the social work category for bringing connectivity to rural India.

Static GK: Suspension Bridge Structure

Suspension bridges rely on tensile forces. The weight of the deck is transferred to vertical suspenders, which transmit the load to the main suspension cables hung between towers and secured in deep anchors on each bank.

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One-Liner Quick Revision Pointers

🔹 Jestha Varna Mahavihar: The historic 17th-century Nepalese Buddhist monastery in Lalitpur received the 2025 UNESCO Asia-Pacific Award of Merit, restored using India's NPR 13.78 crore grant.
🔹 TribeX Platform: Launched by the Ministry of Tribal Affairs to preserve tribal heritage, offering UGC-recognized PG diplomas in partnership with SSU Varanasi.
🔹 Mizoram Repository: The Natural History Museum at Mizoram University, Aizawl, has been designated as India's 21st Designated Repository under the Biological Diversity Act, 2002.
🔹 IIM Bangalore Campus: Ready to set up its first international campus in the Singhasari Special Economic Zone (SEZ) in Malang, East Java, Indonesia.
🔹 POWERGRID Loan: Secured a JPY 80 Billion green loan from the Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC) to build Khavda-Nagpur green transmission lines.
🔹 Wrestling Medals: India secured a total of 41 medals in Pattaya's U15 & U20 Asian Wrestling Championships across freestyle and Greco-Roman classes.
🔹 UN AI Dialogue: The inaugural UN Global Dialogue on AI Governance was successfully convened in Geneva, Switzerland, aligned with the Global Digital Compact.
🔹 PROTAC Approval: U.S. FDA approved vepdegestrant (Veppanu), the world's first PROTAC-based protein degrader drug, to treat advanced breast cancer.
🔹 Sikkim Oak Mission: Government of Sikkim launched the flagship "Mission: Million Oak Trees by 2047" during Paryavaran Parva 2026 for ecosystem restoration, alongside the "Connect to Forest" Helpline (1926).
🔹 Plastic Conclave: The 3rd Global Conclave on Plastics Recycling and Sustainability (GCPRS 2026) was successfully held at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi, co-hosted by AIPMA and CPMA.
🔹 Modi Address: PM Narendra Modi became the first Indian Prime Minister to address the Indonesian Parliament, introducing the new "Ganga-Mahakam Vision" for cooperation.
🔹 Brahmi Rings: Archaeologists unearthed a pair of 2,000-year-old gold rings in Phetchaburi, Thailand, bearing the Brahmi script inscription "pusarakhitasa" ("protected by Pushya").
🔹 Oxford Dictionary: The Oxford English Dictionary included South Asian words "Alpana" (decorative floor art), "Nihari" (slow-cooked rich meat stew), and "Nazim" (Mughal-era governor/local head) in its latest update.
🔹 Jaipur Happiness: The 'Pink City' of Jaipur was ranked 6th globally and 1st in India in the Time Out World's 10 Happiest Cities for 2026 list.
🔹 Amit Garg Appointment: Appointed as the Director of the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) in the rank of Director General (DG).
🔹 China HY-2E Satellite: China launched the HY-2E marine satellite using a Long March-4B rocket from Jiuquan to coordinate global sea dynamic monitoring.
🔹 Girish Bhardwaj Demise: Padma Shri awardee Dr. Girish Bhardwaj, widely known as the 'Bridge Man of India' for building over 150 low-cost suspension footbridges in rural communities, passed away.
🔹 Student Day: National Student Day is celebrated annually on July 9, commemorating the 1949 founding of ABVP.
🔹 Rubber Dam: Gujarat is building India's first air-filled rubber dam on the Sabarmati River in Ahmedabad using South Korean technology.
🔹 Alok Mittal Chief BPRD: Senior IPS officer Alok Kumar Mittal has been appointed Director General of the Bureau of Police Research and Development (BPR&D).
🔹 Adani Missile Hub: Adani Defence is establishing South Asia's largest private-sector integrated missile manufacturing facility in Shivpuri, MP, with an investment of ₹2,500 crore.
🔹 UP Data Centre: Uttar Pradesh Cabinet approved the Data Centre Policy 2026, targeting ₹2 lakh crore in investment, 2 GW capacity, and eco-friendly AI servers.
🔹 Canscora agni: A new dwarf herb species named Canscora agni, which is fire-tolerant, has been discovered by IISER Pune researchers in Sus Hills, Maharashtra.
🔹 Tea Worker Scheme: West Bengal approved the PMCSPY implementation with a ₹313.30 crore budget for North Bengal tea workers' education, health, and shelter.
🔹 ISRO SOLVE: ISRO successfully conducted the first ground test of the SOLVE sub-orbital vehicle for the Gaganyaan mission at SDSC Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh.
🔹 China JL-3: China successfully tested its advanced nuclear-capable JL-3 (Ju Lang-3) submarine-launched ballistic missile with a range of over 10,000 km.
🔹 Dakshayani Yojana: Kerala government launched the "Dakshayani Yojana" to provide self-employment grants and support for SC & ST women.

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Appendix: States & UTs Study Reference

28 States of India

State	Capital	Chief Minister	CM Sworn-in Date	Governor
Andhra Pradesh	Amaravati	Nara Chandrababu Naidu	June 12, 2024	Justice (Retd.) S. Abdul Nazeer
Arunachal Pradesh	Itanagar	Pema Khandu	June 13, 2024	Lt. Gen. K. T. Parnaik (Retd.)
Assam	Dispur	Himanta Biswa Sarma	May 10, 2021	Gulab Chand Kataria
Bihar	Patna	Nitish Kumar	January 28, 2024	Rajendra Arlekar
Chhattisgarh	Raipur	Vishnu Deo Sai	December 13, 2023	Ramen Deka
Goa	Panaji	Pramod Sawant	March 28, 2022	P. S. Sreedharan Pillai
Gujarat	Gandhinagar	Bhupendra Patel	December 12, 2022	Acharya Devvrat
Haryana	Chandigarh	Nayab Singh Saini	March 12, 2024	Bandaru Dattatreya
Himachal Pradesh	Shimla	Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu	December 11, 2022	Shiv Pratap Shukla
Jharkhand	Ranchi	Hemant Soren	July 4, 2024	Santosh Kumar Gangwar
Karnataka	Bengaluru	Siddaramaiah	May 20, 2023	Thaawarchand Gehlot
Kerala	Thiruvananthapuram	Pinarayi Vijayan	May 20, 2021	Arif Mohammad Khan
Madhya Pradesh	Bhopal	Mohan Yadav	December 13, 2023	Mangubhai C. Patel
Maharashtra	Mumbai	Eknath Shinde	June 30, 2022	C. P. Radhakrishnan
Manipur	Imphal	N. Biren Singh	March 21, 2022	Lakshman Prasad Acharya
Meghalaya	Shillong	Conrad Sangma	March 7, 2023	C. H. Vijayashankar
Mizoram	Aizawl	Lalduhoma	December 8, 2023	Dr. Hari Babu Kambhampati
Nagaland	Kohima	Neiphiu Rio	March 7, 2023	La. Ganesan
Odisha	Bhubaneswar	Mohan Charan Majhi	June 12, 2024	Raghubar Das
Punjab	Chandigarh	Bhagwant Mann	March 16, 2022	Gulab Chand Kataria
Rajasthan	Jaipur	Bhajan Lal Sharma	December 15, 2023	Haribhau Bagade
Sikkim	Gangtok	Prem Singh Tamang	June 10, 2024	Om Prakash Mathur
Tamil Nadu	Chennai	M. K. Stalin	May 7, 2021	R. N. Ravi
Telangana	Hyderabad	Anumula Revanth Reddy	December 7, 2023	Jishnu Dev Varma
Tripura	Agartala	Manik Saha	May 15, 2022	Indra Sena Reddy Nallu
Uttar Pradesh	Lucknow	Yogi Adityanath	March 19, 2017	Anandiben Patel
Uttarakhand	Dehradun	Pushkar Singh Dhami	July 4, 2021	Lt. Gen. Gurmit Singh (Retd.)
West Bengal	Kolkata	Suvendu Adhikari	May 9, 2026	C. V. Ananda Bose

8 Union Territories of India

Union Territory	Capital	Chief Minister (If Elected)	CM Sworn-in Date	Lieutenant Governor / Administrator
Andaman & Nicobar Islands	Port Blair	N/A	—	Admiral D. K. Joshi (Retd.) (LG)
Chandigarh	Chandigarh	N/A	—	Gulab Chand Kataria (Administrator)
Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu	Daman	N/A	—	Praful Khoda Patel (Administrator)
Delhi (NCT)	New Delhi	Rekha Gupta	September 21, 2024	Vinai Kumar Saxena (LG)
Jammu & Kashmir	Srinagar (Summer) / Jammu (Winter)	Omar Abdullah	October 16, 2024	Manoj Sinha (LG)
Ladakh	Leh (Summer) / Kargil (Winter)	N/A	—	Brigadier (Retd.) B. D. Mishra (LG)
Lakshadweep	Kavaratti	N/A	—	Praful Khoda Patel (Administrator)
Puducherry	Puducherry	N. Rangaswamy	May 7, 2021	C. P. Radhakrishnan (LG)